At Ease with Your Warnings: The Principles of the Salutogenesis Model Applied to Automatic Static Analysis

The results of an automatic static analysis run can be overwhelming, especially for beginners. The overflow of information and the resulting need for many decisions is mentally tiring and can cause stress symptoms. There are several models in health care which are designed to fight stress. One of these is the salutogenesis model created by Aaron Antonovsky. In this paper, we will present an idea on how to transfer this model into a triage and recommendation model for static analysis tools and give an example of how this can be implemented in FindBugs, a static analysis tool for Java.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Exploring the Linkage of Spatial Indicators from Remote Sensing Data with Survey Data: The Case of the Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) and 3D City Models

This paper demonstrates the spatial evaluation of survey data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP) study using geo-coordinates and spatially relevant indicators from remote sensing data. By geocoding the addresses of survey households with block-level geographic precision (while preventing their identification by name and guaranteeingtheir complete anonymity), data on SOEP respondents can now be analyzed in a specific spatial context. In the past, regional analyses of SOEP based on official regional indicators (e.g., the unemployment rate) always had only very imprecise spatial information to work with. This limitation has now been overcome with the geocoded respondents' information. Within a protected unit of the fieldwork organization responsible for SOEP (TNS Infratest, Munich), the addresses of survey households can now be used to generate a variable describing the location of the household with block-level precision. At DIW Berlin, this additional variable is fed into a special computer infrastructure with multiple security layers that makes the socio-economic analysis possible. This paper demonstrates the use of this geographicallocation and remote sensing data to check respondents' subjective assessments of the location of their residence, anddiscusses the analytical potential of linking remote sensing data and survey data.Remote sensing data, social sciences, behavioral sciences, multi-disciplinarity, SOEP

Climate Trends and the Remarkable Sensitivity of Shelf Regions

Tidal motion of oceanic salt water through the ambient geomagnetic field induces periodic electromagnetic field signals. Amplitudes of the induced signals are sensitive to variations in electrical seawater conductivity and, consequently, to changes in oceanic temperature and salinity. In this paper, we computed and analyzed time series of global ocean tide‐induced magnetic field amplitudes. For this purpose, we combined data of global in situ observations of oceanic temperature and salinity fields from 1990–2016 with data of oceanic tidal flow, the geomagnetic field, mantle conductivity, and sediment conductance to derive ocean tide‐induced magnetic field amplitudes. The results were used to compare present day developments in the oceanic climate with two existing climate model scenarios, namely, global oceanic warming and Greenland glacial melting. Model fits of linear and quadratic long‐term trends of the derived magnetic field amplitudes show indications for both scenarios. Also, we find that magnetic field amplitude anomalies caused by oceanic seasonal variability and oceanic climate variations are 10 times larger in shallow ocean regions than in the open ocean. Consequently, changes in the oceanic and therefore the Earth's climate system will be observed first in shelf regions. In other words, climate variations of ocean tide‐induced magnetic field amplitudes are best observed in shallow ocean regions using targeted monitoring techniques

Structure and lattice dynamics of GaN and AlN: ab-initio investigations of strained polytypes and superlattices

Due to its band-gap energy, gallium nitride (GaN) is well-suited for light emission in the blue spectral region. By alloying with aluminium and/or indium, an energetical range even wider than the whole visible spectrum can be covered. For electronic devices based on group-III nitrides, the influence of strain is a non-negligible intrinsic physical effect. An easy way to experimentally evaluate the strain is the monitoring of lattice vibrations via Raman spectroscopy. With experimental data providing a reliable reference for the strain effects not being available, it is desirable to obtain them from a full quantum-mechanical treatment of the material via first-principles calculations. In this work, the strain dependence of the structural and dielectric properties and of the phonon frequencies of the cubic and the hexagonal polytype of GaN and AlN as well as of short-period superlattices are investigated by ab-initio methods. Three types of strain are considered, corresponding to the application of hydrostatic pressure, of an isotropic biaxial stress in the basal plane, and of a uniaxial pressure along the crystal axis. After a careful internal relaxation of the structures for given external stress, the dielectric constant, Born effective charges and phonon frequencies are calculated using density-functional perturbation theory. Since typical structural changes are of the order of one hundredth of the lattice parameters, to resolve these changes to a precision of a few percent the lattice parameters themselves have to be determined to a precision of 1E-4, which indeed can be achieved. The elastic properties of GaN and AlN are characterized in terms of ratios of the elastic stiffness constants, which allow for a critical comparison with literature data; unreliable ones are pointed out. The calculated pressure behavior of the phonon modes compares rather well to experimental results. The observed increase of the LO-TO splitting results from a reduced dielectric screening, not from an increase in ionicity. A frozen-phonon calculation shows that the softening of the low-frequency E2 mode is mainly caused by an increased destabilization due to the Ewald energy, which is differently counterbalanced in GaN and AlN by the other contributions to the total energy. From the strain dependences, phonon mode coefficients and deformation potentials are obtained, which agree with measured values for GaN; for AlN, no other published values are available. Seeming discrepancies between experimental and theoretical results can be widely resolved using suitable parameters and correct stress-strain relations. We find that the stress obtained from biaxial-strain-induced shifts of the high-frequency E2 phonon should be higher than determined by other authors. The short-period superlattice show a structural relaxation behavior differing significantly from the bulk one. Their phonon modes are grouped in separate frequency regions for LO and TO modes as well as for acoustic ones, they exhibit properties typical both for thicker superlattices as well as for a bulk material of its own kind. Folded AlN-confined TA modes appear due to the mutual strain of the GaN and AlN layers. For all superlattices, independent of the number of layers and the polytype, the following special features are found, which can be considered as intrinsic properties: All but one of the TO modes are confinded modes, with the propagating one being found in the GaN frequency region, well separated from the AlN range; it shows a vibrational pattern similar to a bulk zone-center TO mode. In the gap between the AlN- and GaN-confined TO modes an interface mode exists, showing strong angular dispersion. The uppermost LO mode changes its polarization direction and it is strongly IR active, thus for all propagation directions it couples to the electric field, in complete analogy to the polar LO mode of bulk material

Research history of Pleistocene faunas in Gombasek quarry (Slovakia), with comments to the type specimen and the type locality of Ursus deningeri gombaszogensis Kretzoi, 1938

Several fossiliferous sites were studied and material of fossil mammals and molluscs was collected in the Gombasek quarry (Rožňava district, Slovakia) since the 1930’s. We have identifi ed 9 independent collections of Late Biharian (latest Early to early Middle Pleistocene) mammals and molluscs from this locality. Th e nominal taxon Ursus deningeri gombaszogensis was described by Kretzoi (1938) on the basis of material collected by Tasnádi-Kubacska in the 1930’s. Th e age of this material, based primarily on the similarity with Fejfar’s collection, is supposed to be Late Biharian. Kretzoi (1938) designated as holotype of this taxon an m2 dext. with an original inventory number Fa 21. We recommend identifying this specimen with the m2 dext. housed in the collection of Hungarian Natural History Museum (Budapest) with the inventory number V 59.930. With 2 fi gures and 1 table

Get started imminently: Using tutorials to accelerate learning in automated static analysis

Static analysis can be a valuable quality assurance technique as it can find problems by analysing the source code of a system without executing it. Getting used to a static analysis tool, however, can easily take several hours or even days. In particular, understanding the warnings issued by the tool and rooting out the false positives is time consuming. This lowers the benefits of static analysis and demotivates developers in using it. Games solve this problem by offering a tutorial. Those tutorials are integrated in the setting of the game and teach the basic mechanics of the game. Often it is possible to repeat or pick topics of interest. We transfer this pattern to static analysis lowering the initial barrier of using it as well as getting an understanding of software quality spread out to more people. In this paper we propose a research strategy starting with a piloting period in which we will gather information about the questions static analysis users have as well as hone our answers to these questions. These results will be integrated into the prototype. We will evaluate our work then by comparing the fix times of user using the original tool versus our tool